Abstract An expanded-sandwich system is a nonlinear extended block-oriented system in which memoryless elements in conventional block-oriented systems are displaced by memory submodels. Expanded-sandwich system identification has received extensive attention in recent years due to the powerful ability of these systems to describe actual industrial systems. This study proposes a novel ... https://countryscenesaddleryandpetsuppliers.shop/product-category/jodhpur-paddock-boots/